Laiwu local standard

DB3712/T 020-2007

Issued by Laiwu quality and Technical Supervision Bureau

Preface

The appendix A of this standard is normative appendix

Expiration of three years' expiration review

This standard is put forward by Laiwu Bureau of quality and technical supervision.

The drafting unit of this standard: Laiwu Forestry Bureau and Laiwu Municipal Bureau of quality and technical supervision

The main drafters of this standard are Zhang Yuzhen, Wang Xiaowen and Wu Chao

Technical regulations for the production of non polluted cherries

1 range

This standard has stipulated the nursery stock, the cultivation technique, the yield target of the harmless cherry production.

This standard applies to the production of pollution-free cherries.

2 normative reference documents

The terms in the following documents are referenced by this standard and become the provisions of this standard. Fordated documents, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the latest version of the parties to agreements based on this standard using these files. Any undated reference document whose latest edition is applicable to this standard.

GB 4285 standard for safe use of pesticides

Guidelines for rational use of GB/T 8321 pesticides

3 requirements

3.1 seedling selection

3.1.1 specifications: required garden seedlings are biennial (rootstock) seedlings, rhizome thickness above 0.8cm, above the height of 80cm, no pests and plant quarantine objects, high quality, good seedling.

3.1.2: from a fine tree rootstock rootstock seedling plants collected fully ripe fruit and ripening (sand) processing. Choose Chinese cherry or mountain cherry.

3.2 breed selection

Should choose Italy early red, red light, Zuo Tengjin, Ukraine series of cherry.

3.3 garden choice

Should select soil layer above 60cm, loose soil, good permeability, water and fertilizer conservation capacity, water level above 2m, good drainage, no water lots should be appropriate.

3.4 planting density

The planting density of fruit trees should be 2 * 4 or 3 * 5m, and 1-2 species of pollinated tree should be allocated according to 3-4:1 proportion.

3.5 garden planning and design:

The ground to 0.6-1.3hm2 for a general residential, residential room 4m wide operation, with few hills terrace as a residential district between the left 2m wide operation, at the same time to local conditions create 10-20m and about 5m wide, windbreak.

3.6 soil, fertilizer and water management

3.6.1 soil management

3.6.1.1: soil before planting according to the terrain in the autumn and winter, digging deep wide ditch ditch level of each 80-100cm, 20cm thick upper bottom with firewood, manure mixed with soil backfill quality, the implementation of the quality of 5000-8000kg acres of farmyard manure, irrigation stung fact to be planted, the soil organic matter content gradually reached more than 1%.

At the same time, in late September to mid October with base fertilizer in autumn are expanding the cave deep plowing in the planting hole (groove) outer ring groove digging or parallel groove, groove width, depth of about 60cm 80cm. The soil backfill mixed with organic fertilizer, topsoil and subsoil on the bottom in the upper layer, and then make full irrigation, the root soil contact. The whole garden deep turning is to plant the soil outside the hole all deep turn, depth 30-40cm.

3.6.1.2 garden covered with grass or grass

Cover grass generally in spring fertilization, watering, the whole garden covered with grass or tree dish cover grass, thickness 20cm, cover grass before application urea 0.15-0.25kg.

Grass in spring or autumn, planting ryegrass and clover or mung bean, vetch; annual cut 2-3 coverage in the disk tree.

3.6.2 fertilization

3.6.2.1 fertilizer in late September -10 at the beginning of the month, with high-quality Mu Shi Shen fan soil manure 4000-5000kg.

3.6.2.2 topdressing

In general, the fruit setting period before germination period, after harvest or hardcore 3 underground dressing. In particular, peach trees are especially important in the hardcore stage. Top dressing types: N fertilizer was the main fertilizer in the prophase, the latter was N, P and K compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer was generally suitable for 0.4-0.7kg.

Root fertilization: in mid May, every 10-15 days of spraying, before July to 0.3-0.5% urea, later to 0.4%KH2PO4, can also be sprayed 200 times of pmf.

3.6.3 water

Watering depending on the weather conditions, the general is a combination of underground fertilization, the annual 3-4 times, that is, before germination before development, fruit enlargement period, after harvest, but not before watering so as not to reduce the rate of fruit of peach.

A method of irrigation irrigation, micro irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, the effect is the best, in the growing season irrigation acres of irrigation amount should be controlled within 15-20m3, irrigation water in winter (October) Mu watering amount was about 60 m3. At the same time, the rainy season should pay attention to the drainage work.

3.7 plastic trim

Drupe fruit tree pruning is relatively simple, the production of common tree with natural fun shaped, two branches and three fusiform shape. No matter what kind of tree it is, the trees should be kept in winter for 8-9 minutes, and the branches should be kept under 130 thousand.

3.7.1 natural fun shaped (three limbs without collateral natural fun shaped)

The main natural fun shaped height should lower the better, generally below 30-50cm, canopy height should be 0.6 times the spacing, main base angle should be 550-600.

3.7.1.1 11-4 the main winter pruning rules, the main cutting in winter more than the first year short stay, second years left, third years short stay, stay fourth years (one year is short, or older) in the first second years older, short stay, third years left, fourth years older, a short stay (i.e. a in short) winter cut technology, the solid skeleton.

The open type varieties, cutting in winter three branches extended head, left lateral bud cut full; semi open and vertical type varieties, winter pruning, cut bud stay full, and cut away from bud cut, with spring and autumn branch, height adjustment, the balance between the growth potential of each branch.

3.7.1.2 fifth years after the main branch of the winter pruning, the first four years of the winter pruning predetermined crown height has reached fifth in the winter, no longer have to cut the general extension of head, leaving only the main shoot on the first layer of secondary shoot can be.

3.7.1.3 results are provided for twig sets

3.7.1.3.1 each year by "bothered" approach in the bough, with long, fruit cultivation into small fruit set or a plurality of single fruit branch.

The two sides of the 3.7.1.3.2 in the main on the back of the site, the water branch, branch or branch Qiangwang peripheral competition (with a large summer pruning) culture of 1-2 group and 2-3 medium fruit bearing branch group. Attention should be paid to the timely updating of large and medium-sized branches.

The main form of 3.7.2 two

Each have only two branches extended to interplant spacing (to avoid line extension) completed 3 years of tree shaping, each branch is formed between the fence shaped, interdependent, solid results, the main high 20-40cm, high 2.4-2.8m two branches, crown angle between the minimum 1100, maximum 1200.

3.7.2.1 two main rules: the winter pruning during the winter of 1-2 were cut from each main shoot the 2-3 layer between the full selection of secondary shoot bud or lateral bud bud cut into two branches, and pay attention to the same length cut. Third years winter shear may leave the first 1-2 layers of secondary shoots, may also leave the secondary 2-3, take the block before the promotion of technology, without leaving the extension head, we must pay attention to the whole garden crown height is basically the same.

The results of 3.7.2.2 branch group configuration: each branch staggered set aside the results of 2 large lateral branches group to interline about 1m; set aside 3-4 side on the back of the growth and medium-sized branch group; the "bothered" culture of small fruit set and equipped with a plurality of branches.

3.7.3 spindle shape

Spindle shaping technique is simple, the whole tree is only one center branch is a backbone branches, the rest are all in (the first layer of three branches) of small fruit set and fruit branch, after forming strains and strains formed between 2m thick wall, between the lines of a wide (more than 1m) ventilation, fruit the whole garden light ventilation is good, big fruit, bright color, good taste.

Spindle trunk height 30-40cm, crown height is 0.7 times the spacing, wall thickness of 2 meters.

3.7.4. pruning method

3.7.4.1 summer pruning: including bud, heavy pinching and cut off the fruit, fruit picking time after pruning and autumn topping etc..

In the bud shoots to 5-15cm, a heavy heart is carried out in the water branch, competition branch, Wang Long Branch of the first layer of the peripheral side shoot length to 25-30cm. On the base of fruit technology (i.e. lower or rear) and fruit in the middle and upper (or front) no fruit of fruit, long branches, leggy fruit, can leave a shoot in the fruit (1 day) retractive pruning; autumn is topping 15-20d during the annual autumn (late August the whole tree growth potential) were all the more prosperous (saplings extend about 40cm branches except) left pinching.

3.7.4.2 winter pruning

From the beginning to the end of December before the end of the leaves. The main branch and branch center extended head to cut full bud. All kinds of branch cut length: the spindling branch pruned 40-50cm, long branch cut 30-40cm, fruit cut 15-25cm, short fruit and flowers branches cut, a long time can be appropriate thinning.

3.8. Flower and fruit management

3.8.1 yield index

Sheng fruit tree 1000-1500kg per mu, the annual variation in the size of less than 30%, the first grade fruit rate reached 70%, substandard fruit harvest harvest rate of less than 10%, export and canning varieties in eight mature, local sales of fresh and used as wine, juice, sauce and other fruits to harvest when fully ripe.

3.8.2 vegetables, fruits and vegetables

3.8.2.1 time for vegetables, fruits and vegetables: Cherry greens begin with red buds and stop in full bloom. Vegetable & Fruit time in early fruit core. The amount of remaining fruit seedlings of fruit retention 4-5 fruit; long fruit retention 3-4 fruit; fruit retention 2-3 fruit; short fruit retention 1-2 fruit, flowers, fruit branch left 0-1; there is no fruit branches have 1 fruit branches (saplings); extend between and cross layer off all fruit vegetables.

Cherry fruits and vegetables can be taken 10-15 days after flowering. In general, it leaves the vegetables and leaves 3-5 robust flowers and fruits.

3.8.2.2 pollination: artificial pollination and bee removal (500-750 heads per mu / bee, 1 boxes / mu), early flowering to late stage.

3.9 main pest control

3.9.1 leaves before germination, stem white, clean orchard litter, scraping the old bark, branches and spraying 5 Baume lime sulfur plus 5% urea can be a variety of diseases and insect pests of fruit trees and trees to prevent the damage and rejuvenation.

3.9.2 leaf moth: mieyouniao in 6 months, 7 months, one of the jet in mid August 25% 3, 200 times liquid, or alternately spraying 20% times liquid triflumuron 800-1000.

3.9.3 aphids: 3000-500 times of spraying avermectin at the time of aphid emergence.

3.9.4 spider mites: 20-24d. spray times after flowering, 2000-3000 times liquid or mite dead 3000 times liquid; if the two spot mite pest based garden, spraying in mid June is good.

3.9.5 peach leaf curl: time to remove diseased leaves, shoots, fruit and deep buried or burned; sprout to nectar red spray period 50 thousand Jinggangmeisu water 500 times or 50% carbendazim WP 600-800 times liquid.

3.9.6 bacterial perforation disease: late June spray 50% zineb WP 500 times or lime liquid (zinc sulfate zinc sulfate 0.5kg, lime, 2kg, 120kg).

3.9.7 flow gum disease: timely spraying, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and trunk painted white, to avoid freezing injury, sunburn, mechanical trauma, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, starting in April, every half a month, spray 50%, carbendazim, 1000 times a total of 4 liquid spray.

3.10, the application of plant growth regulator (PP333)

3.10.1 fruit young, vigorous growth, PP333 is commonly used to regulate the growth, can achieve the objective of moderate vigor, early results. The commonly used methods are soil and foliar spraying of two kinds.

3.10.2 soil in spring in early April, the fall in 9-10 months, the amount of the crown projection should be 0.25-0.5g/m2, PP333 first dissolved in a small amount of water, evenly pour a few customers under the canopy (20cm in depth). Bury the soil immediately.

3.10.3 foliar spraying: in mid June and mid July, once sprayed, the concentration of 1000mg/kg and 500mg/kg should be appropriate.

Appendix A

(normative appendix)

Prohibit, limit and promote the use of pesticides, fertilizers

A.1 pesticide

A.1.1 banned the use of pesticides in fruit trees: methamidophos, parathion methyl (1605 methyl parathion) (1605) of monocrotophos, P (3911) amine, phorate, methyl isofenphos methyl, Ding Liu phosphorus, sulfur ring P, sulfotep, Demeton, G, Budweiser (Fu Nandan) aldicarb, (Shen Nongdan), vanishing line scale, sulfur ring P, coumaphos, Fonofos, Isazofos, fenamiphos. (excerpt from Announcement No. 199 of the Ministry of Agriculture)

A.1.2 shows safety, high efficiency and low toxicity pesticide limited use: dichlorvos, phoxim, Pirimicarb, Cypermethrin, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, Po lice aphid, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, chlorbenzuron, Shi Gao, ray mill, multi chlorothalonil, thiram, metalaxyl, thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, iprodione, procymidone, previcur, Kasumin Bordeaux, sandofan, virus A, Triadimefon, green Dili, kocide, green milk copper and noble, SUMILEX and curzate, net fast, plant disease suppression spirit, streptomycin, new phytomycin. (excerpt from a notice of the city government)

A.1.3 should vigorously promote the plants, biological pesticide, Oxymatrine, BT, Shaoguan, No. 6, Liuyang green bug bacterium mycin, tebufenozide avermectin and Agricultural Antibiotic 120, agricultural antibiotic Wuyiencin, Jing Gang acidophilin, trick, polyoxin etc.. (excerpt from a notice of the city government)

A.2 fertilizer

A.2.1 allows the use of fertilizer, compost, livestock manure, biogas fertilizer, manure, fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, biological fertilizer. Farm manure should be treated with mature and harmless treatment.

A.2.2 allows limited use of chemical fertilizers and fertilizer varieties: trace elements of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer and a copper, iron and zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum etc..

A.2.3 prohibits the use of nitrate fertilizers and harmful waste, sludge and sewage from cities, hospitals and industrial areas.